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Background: Our aim was to assess the relationship between (time since) wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue as endpoints linked to Post COVID-19 condition (PCC). Methods: Participants [≥]15 years were selected from the February 2021 round of the population-based PIENTER Corona study. We investigated the association between (time since) SARS-COV-2 infection and health outcomes: HRQoL (health utility (SF-6D); physical health and mental health (both SF-12)) and fatigue (CIS-fatigue) using multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, educational level, number of comorbidities, COVID-19 vaccination status, and the intensity of restrictions. For each outcome, multivariable logistic regression models were fitted at cut-off points selected based on the cumulative distribution of those uninfected. Results: Results shown correspond to the cut-off point related to the worst off 15% of each outcome. Significant differences between those uninfected (n=4,614) and cases infected [≤]4 months ago (n=368) were observed for health utility (OR [95%CI]: 1.6 [1.2-2.2]), physical health (OR [95%CI]: 1.7 [1.3-2.3]) and fatigue (OR [95%CI]: 1.6 [1.2-2.0]), but not for mental health. There were no significant differences between uninfected and cases infected >4 months ago (n=345) for all outcomes. Conclusions: In a Dutch population-based cohort of seroconverted individuals, those infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 [≤]4 months ago more often reported poor health utility and physical health and were more often severely fatigued compared to those uninfected (at the 15% cut-off). HRQoL and fatigue remained below the detection limit for those infected >4 months ago, suggesting a relatively low prevalence of PCC.
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COVID-19 , FatigaRESUMEN
Background: A substantial proportion of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) report persisting symptoms weeks and months following acute infection. Estimates on prevalence vary due to differences in study designs, populations, heterogeneity of symptoms and the way symptoms are measured. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment and dyspnea. However, knowledge regarding the nature and risk factors for developing persisting symptoms is still limited. Hence in this study we aim to determine the prevalence, severity, risk factors and impact on quality of life of persisting symptoms in the first year following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The LongCOVID-study is both a prospective and retrospective cohort study with a one year follow up. Participants aged 5 years and above with self-reported positive or negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 will be included in the study. The primary outcome is the prevalence and severity of persistent symptoms in participants that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to controls. Symptom severity will be assessed for fatigue using the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS subscale fatigue severity), pain (Rand-36/SF-36 subscale bodily pain), dyspnea (Medical Research Council (mMRC)) and cognitive impairment using the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ). Secondary outcomes include loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and risk factors for persisting symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2. Discussion: A better understanding regarding the nature of persisting symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection will enable better diagnosis, management and will consequently minimize negative consequences on quality of life. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, post COVID-19 condition, LongCovid, prevalence, HRQoL, risk factors